Tag: PIPP
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PIPP: Governance beyond the state
International politics differentiate themselves from state politics as the question of sovereignty is answered differently. States have internal and external sovereignty. A consequence is that they are formally equal entities. Therefore states have to coordinate horizontally and negotiate an order mostly based on the power they can display. International politics would be similar to national…
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PIPP: Democracy & Governance
Mechanistic institutional definitions of a democracy are based on the electoral systems and the powers it hands to officials. There are also soft definitions of democracy that focus on citizens’ rights to form interest groups (pressure groups, political parties, etc.) and judicial protection of citizens. The quality of a democracy can be rated based on…
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PIPP: Legal Families
The major legal families are civil law and common law. This is a short overview that ignores several details for a coherent view. Civil Law Civil Law is prevalent in Continental Europe. Central features are codification, parliaments make the law, judges interpret the law central figures (i.e scholars who argues doctrinally and creates abstract principles…
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PIPP: Hierarchies in the Law
In a national legal system there is usually public law (interaction between governments and citizens, e.g. a university awarding a degree to a student) and private law (interaction between citizens, companies in any combination, e.g. a university buying a computer). Private Law is divided into major families are Substantive Law and Commercial Law, whereas Public…
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PIPP: Characteristics of Law
Public Institutions and Policy-making Processes (PIPP) covers three modules: Law, general (Public) Institutions, and European and International Institutions in particular. The first part of the course will be about law. The focus is not on becoming a lawyer, but rather to be able to understand the thought processes behind legal decisions and their implications. Creation…